BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics

BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics and Patient-Centered Care.

Description of the Ethical Dilemmas

Healthcare practitioners often find themselves in ethical dilemmas, a key component of BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics and Patient-Centered Care. These challenges are part of a dynamic process where two potential actions or decisions may not be ethically acceptable. Three distinct ethical dilemmas are apparent based on the information shared in the case study. To start with, there is the discharge and end-of-life planning dilemma. It is essential to take note that many patients like Mr. Nichols, who are plagued by constant ailments, are usually given instructions on how they should fail miserably should their health conditions deteriorate further.

End-of-Life Ethical Dilemmas

This is not just about having control of how one chooses to leave this earth; it is also about dying with satisfaction. Mr. Nichols had unequivocally given several end-of-life planning orders in this particular scenario. He indicated he would not wish to be placed on life-sustaining gear or gadgets. He had also shared that he would have rather not been resuscitated or intubated when his condition took an unfortunate new turn of events. The ethical dilemma in this regard was whether to regard Mr. Nichols’ longings or continue having him on life support and eventually have him moved to a hospice.

An internal/organizational dilemma was also seen from the facts shared in the case study. It was during the interaction that Mary had with the charge sustain that she was informed that she would have to wait for the shift change to be furnished with complete information about her father’s health condition and speak to an attending physician. Thirdly, there was also a formal process dilemma. This was seen with Brookside Hospital admitting and attending to Mr. Nichols without making any broad efforts to determine Mr. Nichols’s medical history.

Factors that Contributed to the Ethical Dilemmas

Several factors contributed to the three ethical dilemmas featured above. To begin, the discharge and end-of-life planning dilemma mainly happened because Mary, the designated health care agent, was absent when her father’s condition took an unfortunate turn of events. Mary’s niece and mother also failed to share Mr. Nichols’ medical history when he was admitted to Brookside Hospital.

John, Mary’s brother, also failed to outfit Brookside Hospital with a duplicate of his father’s medical information that also unequivocally shared about his end-of-life planning wishes. Plus, the formal process dilemma happened because Mr. Nichols was admitted to the hospital while in a tough spot and was immediately placed in the intensive care unit. His granddaughter and mate, who were available when he was being taken to the hospital, were too emotionally confused to share his medical history. Thirdly, the internal/organizational dilemma happened because the charge support was short and brief during her interactions with Mary.

Ethical Principles Used for Ethical Dilemmas

Ethical Principles in Healthcare

Healthcare facilities and professionals are coordinated and administered by ethical principles that endeavor to improve patient care and results. The following ethical principles were used for the three ethical dilemmas discussed above.

Discharge and End-of-Life Planning Dilemma: The primary ethical principle regarding the discharge and end-of-life planning dilemma is regard for autonomy. According to the point of viewpoint on Cellucci and Forrestal (2016), autonomy relates to the point of view where patients are allowed and offered the chance to make independent decisions. To this end, healthcare facilities and providers are obligated and mandated to guarantee that patients are given adequate and imperative information about their medical care to make the right decisions about their treatment (Martin, 2013).

The ethical principle also dissuades medical professionals from influencing the decisions of their patients and always endeavors to regard and adhere to their cravings (Morrison, 2020). The ethical principle of value was also used in BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics and Patient-Centered Care. The principle requires physicians and health care professionals to perform their obligations to the well-being of their patients. The moral principle of non-maleficence was also used in this scenario. It also calls for the avoidance of aspects that would cause harm to patients (Grob, 2013).”

BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics and Patient-Centered Care

From the facts given in the case study, by respecting autonomy and Mr. Nichols’s life arrangements, the hospital and the medical practitioners would negate the principle of non-maleficence because of the lack of effort in ensuring his survival, including putting him on life support gadgets.

Internal/Organizational Dilemma: The ethical principle used with the moral dilemma of the internal/organizational dilemma is autonomy. With Mr. Nichols incapacitated, the charge sustain was obligated to inform and update Mary of her father’s medical situation, particularly considering she was the designated health care agent.

Formal Process Dilemma: The ethical principle of non-maleficence was used in this regard. Hospitals and medical providers must avoid intentionally harming patients by avoiding careless acts. On this note, they ought to lead intensive research to determine all that is to be familiar with a patient’s medical history to give the best care.

External Forces and Internal Organizational Factors that were considered with the Ethical Dilemmas

Internal/Organizational Dilemma

Organizational Policies and Processes: In establishing the dilemma, there is a chance Mary got to the hospital early in the morning, not sometime before the shift change. The doctor who had attended to Mr. Nichols could have already left, and as such, the charge was in good shape to inform her to wait for the following attending physician. Almost certainly, medical practitioners at the hospital, including the charge support, lacked practical communication abilities.

Legal/Regulatory Forces: According to a legal point of view, the charge medical attendant could have been adamant about sharing patient information with a party she was not conversant with and was unaware was the designated health care agent for fear of being sued. Healthcare practitioners are obligated and mandated to keep patient information confidential and reveal it when given express authority by the patient.

Formal Process Dilemma

Organizational Policies and Processes: It was considered that, almost certainly, John’s daughter and his mother had been tried by the hospital about his father’s medical history anyway and were too distraught to share any information. Almost certainly, the hospital attended to Mr. Nichols first, who was in critical condition, before determining his medical history.

Legal/Regulatory Forces: Healthcare facilities ought to guarantee they attend to patients, and those who fail to do so face serious legal and regulatory repercussions. To this end, almost certainly, the hospital felt that the best game plan was to attend to Mr initially. Nichols was in critical condition before seeking his medical history.

Discharge and End-of-Life Planning Dilemma

Organizational Policies and Processes: From a financial viewpoint, it is conceivable that the hospital ignored Mr. Nichols’s end-of-life wishes. Placing him on life support gadgets would have helped more with the medical costs that would accumulate and be paid.

Legal/Regulatory Forces: Life support machines allow patients to battle for their lives. Hospitals and healthcare providers are obligated by regulatory bodies to guarantee that no harm befalls patients and that they work on their outcomes. To this end, the hospital placed Mr. Nichols on life support machines and disregarded his end-of-life mandates because it was avoiding the legal repercussions that would come from assuming he was harmed while at the facility.

Resolution of the Ethical Dilemmas Using Evidence-based Strategies

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Healthcare

It is essential to note that healthcare professionals and facilities are obligated and mandated to agree to the stipulated ethical principle and can deviate when there is a clash between the moral principles. According to Cellucci and Forrestal (2016), medical practitioners who find themselves in ethical dilemmas ought to initially determine and examine the obligation to the patient by reviewing the particular loads of competing ethical principles regarding content and setting.

Discharge and End-of-Life Planning Dilemma: In resolving whether to take Mr. Nichols off the life-supporting machines, deciding if that could be to his general advantage is vital. Based on the principle of autonomy, the hospital and the attending physicians must regard his longings and mandates about his care. Then again, the principle of advantage demands that they act on the patient’s well-being well-being. To this end, by complying with his mandates of not being placed on life support machines, the hospital and the doctors will also be operating on his well-being. Furthermore, medical reports indicate that putting him on life backing would delay the inevitable as he had something like 5 days to live.

Internal/Organizational Dilemma: In this scenario, it is reasonable to determine the impact that withholding the information from Mary would have on the care given to Mr. Nichols.

According to The Kennedy Institute of Morals (2014), medical practitioners should seek informed consent before treating patients. If a patient is incapacitated, giving informed consent appropriately falls to a designated healthcare agent. On this note, the charge support was at fault for withholding the information, as it prevented Mary from carrying out and overseeing his father’s end-of-life orders.

Formal Process Dilemma: In this case, the bone of debate entails considering if withholding treatment until Mr. Nichols’ medical history is ascertained would have any implications on his life. From Martin’s (2013) point of view, healthcare professionals must follow formal processes, including conducting intensive research to determine a patient’s medical history. Through these efforts, they learn how to attend to their patients and their inclinations about their treatment.

Mezzich et al. (2010) reiterate the above point and note that adhering to the formal process and obtaining a patient’s medical history aligns with the ethical principles of value and non-maleficence. The hospital was also at fault for not making a broad effort to get Mr. Nichols’ medical history. For instance, with little research, the hospital would have learned that Mary was the designated health care and contacted her concerning her father’s treatment.

Employing My Integrity in Choosing a Strategy

I emphatically accept that I am an individual of integrity based on the fact that I am reliably fair and coordinate areas of solidarity by values and principles. Considering the ethical dilemmas in the case study, I used my integrity in choosing a strategy. The choice that the hospital ought to agree to Mr. Nichols’s end-of-life mandates is based on my conviction that physicians ought to perform their obligations for the well-being of their patients. This means they should incorporate their values and inclinations into the treatment process.

The choice was also based on accepting that individuals should be accorded autonomy and deciding to die with concession. I harbor the same principles and opinions about the internal dilemma discussed in BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 5 Ethics and Patient-Centered Care. It is reasonable for patients to have a voice in their treatment. This also extends to healthcare agents appointed by patients to make treatment choices on their behalf, mainly when they are incapacitated. Explore our assessment BUS FPX 4121 Assessment 4 for complete information about this class.

References

American College of Healthcare Executives. (2017).

The healthcare executive’s role in ensuring quality and patient safety. www.ache.org/about-ache/our-story/our-commitments/policy-statements/healthcare-executives-role-in-ensuring-quality-and-safety

Forrestal, E. J., &Cellucci, L. W. (2016).

Ethics and professionalism for healthcare managers.

Health Administration Press.Frontline PBS. (2014, October 12). YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRkr09ZMI3w

Frontline PBS. (2015, February 10). When should dying patients stop? YouTube.

https://youtu.be/HzIiqJ5HX2E

Grob, R. (2013).

The heart of patient-centered care.

Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 38(2), 457–465.Mezzich, J., Snaedal, J., van Weel, C., & Heath, I. (2010).

Toward person-centered medicine: From disease to patient to person.

Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 77(3), 304–306. Martin, W. (2013).

Beyond the Hippocratic oath: Developing codes of conduct in health care organizations.

OD Practitioner, 45(2), 26–30.Morrison, E. E. (2020). Ethics in health administration: A practical approach for decision makers (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Available in the courtroom via the VitalSource Bookshelf link.The Kennedy Institute of Ethics. (2014, December 19). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97M5Sxhiv7E&feature=youtube