NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper

• NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper. 

Integrating the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior to Enhance Health Promotion in Nursing Practice

Conceptual fashions and theoretical frameworks are critical in nursing in order to offer a systematic way of describing, analyzing, and anticipating occurrences of challenges. Those frameworks and models provide the shape for the nursing exercise, training, and studies to put together information and necessary interventions nicely (Foroughi et al., 2022). The present-day takes a look at and discusses the relevance of the chosen theoretical framework, the health trust model (HBM).

The HBM is efficaciously used to analyze fitness behaviours via a way of thinking about elements that embody beliefs about health situations, expected advantages of movement, and constraints. This will offer a top-stage view of the concept of deliberate behaviour (TPB), the middle-range idea associated with the HBM (Huang et al., 2020). The TPB builds on the HBM by way of the method of including perceived behavioural management, and it is integral for the appreciation of health behaviours. 

Through reviewing the frameworks, we can show their applicability to the nursing problem, especially in the growing achievement of health selling techniques. This paper emphasizes the need to integrate theoretical and realistic approaches to reinforce higher-affected person care and improve the nursing state of affairs. Explore NURS 8123 Assignment 6.1 Literature Matrix for more information.

Theoretical Framework: Health Belief Model (HBM)

Description of Framework/Model

The fitness belief version (HBM) is a mental version formulated within the mid-1950s by the use of the usage of Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels, who labored with the U.S. loose fitness agency. The HBM was as soon as it began to advance to account for the lack of humans in illness prevention and early detection applications (Huang et al., 2020). It has advanced over time to encompass more than what was once to start with defined and is, in modern times, one of the terrific-seemed models to explain health-related behavior.

Consistent with the HBM, human beings’ beliefs on the conditions of specific health states, the blessings of appearing specific conduct, and the risks related to this alteration affect the behaviour. It underlines self-interpreted meanings and modifications in conduct to cause them to be relevant in growing public fitness duties and educational sports activities sports.

Concepts and Propositions

The HBM includes numerous key standards and propositions that provide an entire perception of health conduct.

• Perceived susceptibility is the extent to which someone believes they are vulnerable to contracting an infection or contamination. It used to be once set up that the higher the perceived susceptibility, the greater a person’s likelihood of exercising to lessen the threat (Akther & Nur, 2022).

• The perceived severity relates to an individual’s understanding of the threat posed through the use of a particular disease, scenario, and its consequences. If a person thinks that the scenario has lethal effects, then this man or woman could be capable of taking preventive measures.

NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper 

• within the perceived advantages notion, uncovering relates to the individual’s understanding of the effectiveness of the advised movement to lower the hazard or seriousness. In one-of-a-kind terms, the perceived benefits decorate the possibility of the desired behaviour taking place.

• Perceived boundaries are boundaries that avoid the venture of an interest. They will be physical, which includes fee or time, or psychosocial, together with worry or humiliation. The less the bounds are perceived, the higher the opportunity of appearing in the advocated motion with the useful, beneficial resource of the character (Akther & Nur, 2022).

• The cue-to-motion concept is related to outdoor stimuli that require specific actions from humans. Capability cues may be through media or from unique humans, which consist of reminder calls from a healthcare commercial enterprise company.

• Self-efficacy used to be once protected into the HBM and added later. Self-efficacy is described as the quantity of self-belief that the man or woman has in acting on the conduct. Instead, better self-efficacy can potentially boost the opportunity for behaviour to alternate drastically (Moey et al., 2021).

Propositions

The HBM continues that the perceived analysis and remedy of a contamination impact health conduct. This suggests that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived blessings, and perceived limitations affect the threat of carrying out health conduct.

Moreover, the version shows that fitness-promoting behaviour is based totally absolutely upon cues to a movement that starts out desire-making and self-efficacy in performing the behaviour. Those concepts outline the risk of training healthy behaviour (Moey et al., 2021).

Reading the HBM in detail shows that advanced information on this idea will allow healthcare experts to create better health interventions. The interventions can be individualized to offer to enter into the perceived and real incentives of the patients and the network for developing the opportunity to conduct trade and better fitness. The HBM announces that healthcare conduct is affected by ideals and perceptions of this notion; this is instrumental in fitness training and conducting trade for growing more healthy merchandising strategies.

Middle-Range Theory: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Description of Theory

The concept of planned behaviour (TPB) is admittedly considered one of Ajzen’s middle-range theories, formulated in the past due 1980s, primarily based on the fitness trust version. The concept of planned conduct has been designed to offer a purpose for the motivational factors that impact behaviour through the method of relying on intention, the maximum imperative element (Park & Shin, 2021).

NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper 

covering attitudes and subjective norms furthermore consists of the idea of perceived behavioural management, which gives a higher approach to reading people’s picks about health behaviours. The TPB suggests that a person’s conduct is driven and endorsed by way of 3 key elements: stereotypical perceptions of the conduct, perceived norms, and management of the conduct. It has been carried out drastically to look beforehand at the fitness conduct trade, and it constitutes a valuable version for developing fitness interventions.

Processes or Concepts

This notion is set inside the route of the behaviour notion and measures the amount to which the person has effective or bad perceptions of the route of the task of the conduct. The specificity of attitudes is decided through the use of assumptions concerning the consequences of the conduct and the stakes given to them. In perception, the chances of a given health conduct are immoderate if the man or woman preserving the understanding feels it will have a super outcome (Gjicali & Lipnevich, 2021).

• Subjective Norms and Control

Subjective norms encompass the assessment of society’s expectations toward the implementation or non-implementation of the precise interest. This concept derives from the judgment that people have concerning the perceived expectations of their circle of relatives, friends, or society regarding their conduct. If others who hold in concept within the character’s social lifestyles inspire the behaviour, the individual has to have an excessively magnificent concept set closer to appearing the conduct.

Similarly, perceived behavioural management can be described as the reality of the amount of the man or woman’s perception of the danger of the behaviour. This thought is near the self-efficacy of the HBM and refers to the perceived ease or difficulty of the conduct, the notion about earlier studies, and expected troubles (Ataei et al., 2020).

enhancing perceived behavioural manipulation enhances the formation of a strong motive to carry out the conduct. Behavioural motive is the middle of the TPB model and relies upon attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived control. Reason refers back to the willingness of a person to interact in a specific behavior and is within the course of behavior rather than thought-set. The stronger the intention to carry out a specific behaviour, the higher the opportunity that the behaviour could be exhibited.

Clinical Practice Application

The idea of deliberate behaviour is beneficial for appreciating and predicting fitness-related behaviours in clinical settings. Minimizing the space may be finished by reducing the discrepancies among purpose attitudes, perceived subjective norms, perceived behavioural control of healthcare corporations, and powerful interventions to artwork in one’s areas (Sultan et al., 2020).

Moreover, they can be used to sell fitness vending, create consciousness and trade attitudes, enhance supportive social norms, and increase perceived behavioral manipulation. For instance, in selling smoking cessation, interventions may be focused on facilitating the adoption of the fitness blessings of quitting (attitudes) and help from one’s own family pals (subjective norms). Boom the self-belief to save you from smoking via supplying property and training (perceived self-efficacy).

• Clinicians’ Role in TPB

Behavioural clinicians determine to take care of sufferers’ attitudes about healthful behaviours in session, apprehend the pressure from social factors, and find out the motives why sufferers experience helplessness concerning fantastic fitness behaviours (Traina & Feiring, 2020). This technique gives precise individual counselling for every affected man or woman and differs in the motivational components of exercise. The TPB can assist in sketching and looking at health programs as elements of powerful factors of conduct change.

NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper 

For example, in the context of a software program promoting physical activity among sufferers with chronic illnesses, the TPB can be useful in terms of the advantages of working out, pressures, social manuals, and resistance to exercise frequently. Assessing the changes in these factors can also assist in understanding the efficacy of this tool and some of the issues that need to be addressed (Traina & Feiring, 2020).

By figuring out the actual element determinants of fitness behaviours, the TPB provides the thought for assessing health effects and improving scientific control. For example, the quantity of compliance with treatment may progress with the resource of attitudes, social assistance, and perceived manipulation in sufferers with chronic illnesses.

Analysis of Middle-Range Theory and Conceptual Model

Characteristics of Conceptual Model

The HBM and TPB are useful in the perception of health conduct, but each theory provides it slightly in an awesome way. The HBM may be aware of the perceived traits of humans concerning a specific health America of America. At the same time, the TPB underlines the idea of purpose and perceived behavioral management (Qiao et al., 2021). a few additives of the HBM may be recognized in the TPB, demonstrating that every framework is associated and interdependent.

• Perceptions, Attitudes & Behavior

First of all, the HBM, perceived susceptibility, and severity are centred on the perception of why the man or woman is recommended to undertake excessive-quality fitness behaviours. The TPB additionally uses those ideas to gather attitudes. Susceptibility and severity are fantastically encompassed inside the definition of attitudes in that they are a character’s trust in the consequences of conduct. For instance, a person’s grasp of exercising can be laid low due to their perceived chance (susceptibility) and importance (severity) of contracting cardiovascular illnesses (Qiao et al., 2021).

Secondly, the perceived benefits and barriers to motion in HBM correspond in a few thanks to the attitudes in the course of conduct and perceived management inside the TPB. The perceived blessings can be determined by the attitudes belonging to TPB, and boundaries to motion are blanketed via perceived behavioural manipulation (Park & Shin, 2021). This thinking primarily based its function on the idea that perceived expectations are the primary determinant of proceeding to perform wholesome behavior habitually, and self-strive beliefs govern the type A behavior sample.

• Cues to Action & Self-Efficacy

Thirdly, the TPB no longer copes with the concept of cues to motion, no matter suggesting the impact of outdoor pressures through subjective norms. Those norms are influenced by the social effects and expectancies of others concerning excellent behaviours (Park & Shin, 2021). for example, a scientific medical doctor’s advice or a relative’s encouragement might also act as triggers to movement that make certain adjustments to a greater healthy way of life, such as upward push-ups.

Fourthly, integrating self-efficacy into the HBM model correlates maximum with the TPB’s perceived management over the behaviour. Every construct focuses on the man or woman’s perceived self-efficacy in venture conduct. This similarity has obsessed self-guarantee and management in stimulating motivational fitness behaviours.

Comparison and Contrast

The HBM and TPB are comparable in that they are theoretical models; they have precise versions that have an impact on their relevance and value in medical contexts. First, it is indispensable to be conscious that the HBM focuses particularly on the individual’s perceptions concerning certain fitness states and their consequences (Rosenthal & Shmueli, 2021). It moreover explores how such beliefs determine one’s dangers for acting or no longer acting healthful behaviours. Conversely, the TPB posits behavioural cause because of the nearest theoretical determinant of that conduct.

• TPB vs. HBM in Behavior

The TPB is more carefully associated with the goal and actual conduct than the TRA as a result of the inclusion of perceived behavioural control. Secondly, the TPB integrates social elements via subjective norms, which is not addressed inside the HBM (Rosenthal & Shmueli, 2021). This inclusion makes the TPB even more complete in explaining social norms, pressures, and help for health behaviours. For instance, an affected man or woman’s prescription compliance can be fundamentally normal with the aid of the usage of whether or not their relations and pals reflect on the consideration of this conduct perfectly.

Thirdly, perceived behavioural control inside the TPB is significantly more difficult than the HBM. At the same time that perceived barriers are included inside the HBM, TPB takes it similarly via thought about the advantage or trouble the man or woman feels about appealing within the behaviour (Foroughi et al., 2022). This addition permits the researcher to apprehend better factors that could decorate or avoid adjustments in behaviour.

Fourth, each model has exact explanatory and predictive validity for health behaviours. No matter the fact that the TPB in thing will increase the range of variables figuring out conduct by the usage of the usage, which includes cause and perceived behavioural manipulation. Shi et al. (2021) observed that the TPB could expect a higher stage of variance in health behaviours than the HBM, mainly for behaviours.

Applicability and Utility in Clinical Practice

In medical exercise, the applicability of each the HBM and the TPB is useful for designing interventions and permitting a change in health behaviours. However, their applicability may additionally be different depending on the context and form of conduct being focused on. To begin with, HBM is useful in developing techniques to adjust individual ideals about fitness and conditions (Shi et al., 2021). it could be used to accumulate messages that help grow perceived susceptibility and severity and, at the same time, capture the profits of getting preventive behaviours. As an example, the fitness trust version can be adopted in a public fitness advertising advertising campaign to inspire immunization with the resource of drawing the patron’s interest to the risks of not immunizing.

• TPB and HBM in Healthcare

Second, TPB is beneficial for behavioural counselling inner scientific exercise because the version encompasses numerous cognitive-motivational factors influencing conduct. Self-documented measures of the principle of deliberate behaviour allow healthcare organizations to determine the affected person’s mindset, perceived norms, and perceived manipulated interventions.

For example, a smoking cessation software program utility will embody the TPB to increase self-overall performance for quitting smoking, preserve an incredible mindset in the direction of quitting smoking, and leverage tangible social help (Małecka et al., 2022).

Thirdly, each fashion may be used to endorse and confirm fitness packages. HBM is appropriate for the screening views of the affected person and boundaries because it specifically focuses on beliefs. The TPB’s unique constructs belong to structuring interventions that could cover several factors affecting conduct. The evaluation of the exchange in attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural manipulation can be useful in identifying the effectiveness of applications and figuring out opportunities for alternatives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) are realistic frameworks that help understand and promote fitness behaviours. The HBM highlights self-awareness of health conditions, while the TPB focuses on perceived behavioural intentions and perceived control. Each framework emphasizes key factors such as mindset, social beliefs, and self-efficacy to drive behavioural change.

The impact of nursing practice cannot be overstated. By applying these frameworks, nurses can develop interventions that encourage changes in beliefs, mobilize socially beneficial resources, and enhance self-efficacy, leading to improved patient health. As explored in NURS 8123 Assignment 7.1 Theoretical Framework/ Conceptual Models and Middle-Range Theories Paper, integrating these theories into clinical practice enhances the effectiveness of health promotion strategies and patient education.

References

Akther, T., & Nur, T. (2022). A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0261869, Pg 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261869

Ataei, P., Gholamrezai, S., Movahedi, R., & Aliabadi, V. (2020). An analysis of farmers’ intention to use green pesticides: The application of the extended theory of planned behaviour and health belief model. Journal of Rural Studies, 81(3), Pg 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.11.003

Foroughi, Z., Ebrahimi, P., Aryankhesal, A., Maleki, M., & Yazdani, S. (2022). Toward a theory-led meta-framework for implementing health system resilience analysis studies: A systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis. BMC Public Health, 22(1), e287, Pg 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12496-3

Gjicali, K., & Lipnevich, A. A. (2021). Do you have a math attitude? (In) Direct effects of student mathematics attitudes on intentions, behavioural engagement, and mathematics performance in the U.S. PISA. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 67(1), e102019, Pg 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.102019

Huang, X., Dai, S., & Xu, H. (2020). Predicting tourists’ health risk preventative behaviour and travelling satisfaction in Tibet: Combining the theory of planned behaviour and health belief model. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33(2), e100589, Pg 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100589

Małecka, A., Mitręga, M., Mróz-Gorgoń, B., & Pfajfar, G. (2022). Adoption of collaborative consumption as sustainable social innovation: Sociability and novelty seeking perspective. Journal of Business Research, 144

(1), Pg163–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.062

Moey, S.-F., Che Mohamed, N., & Lim, B.-C. (2021). A path analytic model of health beliefs on the behavioural adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS Public Health, 8(1), Pg15–31. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021002

Park, S., & Shin, H. (2021). An analysis and evaluation of the theory of planned behaviour using Fawcett and desanto-madeya’s framework. Advances in Nursing Science, Publish Ahead of Print, 44(4), Pg141-154.  https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000365

Qiao, X., Ji, L., Jin, Y., Si, H., Bian, Y., Wang, W., & Wang, C. (2021). Development and validation of an instrument to measure beliefs in physical activity among (pre)frail older adults: An integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour. Patient Education and Counseling, 104 (10), Pages 2544-2551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.03.009

Rosental, H., & Shmueli, L. (2021). Integrating health behaviour theories to predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: Differences between medical students and nursing students. Vaccines, 9(7), e.783, Pg 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070783

Shi, H., Wang, J., Huang, R., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, N., Tanimoto, T., Ozaki, A., Shao, C., Wang, J., He, X., & Xu, X. (2021). Application of the extended theory of planned behaviour to understand Chinese students’ intention to improve their oral health behaviours: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), e2303, Pg 1–9. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12329-9

Sultan, P., Tarafder, T., Pearson, D., & Henryks, J. (2020). Intention-behaviour gap and perceived behavioural control-behaviour gap in the theory of planned behaviour: Moderating roles of communication, satisfaction, and trust in organic food consumption. Food Quality and Preference, 81(81),e103838. Pg 1-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103838

Traina, G., & Feiring, E. (2020). “There is no such thing as getting sick justly or unjustly” – a qualitative study of clinicians’ beliefs on the relevance of personal responsibility as a basis for health prioritization. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), e497, Pg 1-13.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05364-6