- BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 3 Urinary Lab
Homework: Urinary Lab
Routine urinalysis plays an essential role in physical examination since it enlightens overall health status through the evaluation of the metabolic changes in the body and the identification of pathological variations ( Laan et al., 2021).
Urine analysis also involves assessing other characteristics such as color, smell, and crystal clearness and utilizing a scope of tests, for example, chemicals, to diagnose infections such as urinary system infections, kidney issues, and diabetes. Interpreting the results of the urinalysis plays a significant role in early diagnosis and proper control of many health risks for the overall good health of an individual to avoid the worsening of hidden diseases.
Purpose and Importance of Urinary Analysis
Urinalysis is an integral part of annual checkups since it provides information about a person’s general state of health. Color, clarity, chemical makeup, the overall appearance of the urine, and the presence of other phenomena such as blood, bacteria, and pus, among others, are some of the aspects considered in the process of urinalysis. Since it effectively identifies UTIs, kidney diseases, diabetes, and even dehydration among other conditions (Nikolac et al., 2019).
Its importance is in the fact that this test can help identify some severe issues at an early stage, thus allowing intervention and treatment of the disease. For instance, the detection of glucose abnormalities in urine leads to an investigation of diabetes and risk factors early enough lest they cause complications. Also, early identification of urinary tract infections prevents the infections from spreading to the kidneys and thus lowers the strike rate of severe complications (Laan et al., 2021).
Lack of urinalysis during a routine physical threatens to lose chances of early detection and mediation, if any. This is especially important because otherwise, the patient may present to the hospital with severe diseases while asymptomatic due to a pre-existing medical condition.
Therefore, when these diseases are not diagnosed early, they become hard to treat, leading to increased effects on the health of a patient, higher costs, and, in some cases, fatalities (Visser et al., 2020). Consequently, urinalysis must be implemented regularly in physical examinations to ensure the health of patients and check the development of unknown diseases.
Diabetes and its Types
Diabetes is a long-term and chronic ailment that characterizes an elevated blood sugar level due to the insufficient production of insulin or the inability of the body’s cells to use insulin efficiently. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s defense system organically attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a shortage of insulin. It usually develops in childhood or adolescence; the body requires constant insulin administration for balance (Abdelalim, 2020).
For example, patients with type 1 diabetes manage their disorder by constantly measuring their blood glucose levels and injecting insulin or using an insulin pump to control their blood sugar levels.
BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 3 Urinary Lab
On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is a type that grows from insulin resistance, whereby cells in the body do not respond well to insulin. The unmasking of this condition is slow; sometimes, it progresses with time, with the risk factors being being overweight, being inactive, and genetics. The management of type 2 diabetes mainly involves the use of nonpharmacological interventions that include healthy eating, exercise, and weight control.
At times, tablets to be taken orally or insulin may be used to encourage diabetes blood sugar control (Berbudi et al., 2020). For instance, people with type 2 diabetes would devise their plan by performing such lifestyle changes as changes in diet, exercising regularly, and possibly taking medication that makes the body more sensitive to the hormone or stimulates it to release more of the hormone.
Reasons for Blood in Urine
Hematuria or blood in urine can be caused by UTI, Kidney stones, infections of the bladder or kidneys, any kind of trauma, or a number of systemic diseases, including kidney disease or even renal cancer. The presence of blood in urine means that the person should seek medical attention to find out the cause since it can be a symptom of dangerous conditions. Some of the complications that might arise include Kidneys being damaged, UTI extended to the kidneys, tumors or other abnormalities being present, and it might also be an indication of a systemic disease like diabetes or an autoimmune disease (Newme et al., 2021).
Patients Results
In Marcus’ case, some of his diabetic status can explain several of his urinalysis results. Diabetes can cause kidney afflictions referred to as diabetic nephropathy, by which the kidney begins to filter out waste products efficiently. It could lead to higher protein deposits in the urine, as suggested by a high level of protein found in his or her chemical test list. If diabetic nephropathy is left without adequate treatment, the end-stage is kidney failure and ultimately requires dialysis or kidney transplant. Also, this disease might be responsible for UTIs because of compromised immune functions as well as high blood glucose levels; the presence of nitrites in his urine indicates that he is likely to develop recurrent infections with possible effects on his kidneys (Chen et al., 2020).
Urinalysis Result
-
Based on the provided urinalysis results:
Based on these, Darlene can get a urinary tract infection (UTI) because of the leukocytes and high proteins in the urine. This paper also indicates that Marcus has developed a UTI with positive nitrites and high leukocytes. However, there is also something wrong with the color of the urine, which may signify polydipsia, a characteristic sign of diabetes, or may be due to kidney impairment secondary to diabetes. The patient should hence seek further medical examination and treatment for his or her ailment, while the other patient should also seek medical treatment for her ailment.
References
Abdelalim, E. M. (2020). Modeling different types of diabetes using human pluripotent stem cells. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 78(6), 2459–2483.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03710-9
Berbudi, A., Rahmadika, N., Cahyadi, A. I., & Ruslami, R. (2020). Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system. Current Diabetes Reviews, 16(5), 442–449.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399815666191024085838
Chen, Y., Lee, K., Ni, Z., & He, J. (2020). Diabetic kidney disease: Challenges, advances, and opportunities. Kidney Diseases, 6(4), 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000506634
Laan, B. J., van Horrik, T., Nanayakkara, P. W. B., & Geerlings, S. E. (2021). How many urinalysis and urine cultures are necessary? European Journal of Internal Medicine, 83, 58–61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.08.013
Newme, K., Hajong, R., & Bhuyan, R. (2021). A clinical study on surgical causes of Hematuria. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(1).
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1750_20
Nikolac, N., Miler, M., Unic, A., Milevoj, L., Vrtaric, A., & Culej, J. (2019). Ascorbic acid in urine still compromises urinalysis results. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 57(1), 64–68.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563219882051
Visser, E. H., Berkhout, D. J. C., Singh, J., Vermeulen, A., Ashtiani, N., de Boer, N. K., van Wijk, J. A. E., de Meij, T. G., & Bökenkamp, A. (2020). Smell—adding a new dimension to urinalysis. Biosensors, 10(5).