RSCH FPX 7868 Assessment 4 Analyzing Methodological Approaches to Apply in Qualitative Research

RSCH FPX 7868 Assessment 4 Analyzing Methodological Approaches to Apply in Qualitative Research

Student Name

Capella University

RSCH-FPX7868 – Qualitative Design and Analysis

Professor Name

Date

Research Topic

Literacy provides essential tools for person-centered growth and taking active societal roles. Assessing personal experiences with low literacy demands the qualitative research method (Lim, 2024). The United States, as a developed nation, battles substantial literacy problems. The adult population in the United States consists of 130 million people with low literacy skills (Nietzel, 2020). Black adults face the problem to a greater degree, intensifying social and economic inequalities (Rochmes, 2024). The implementation of recent legislation aiming at diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives has created additional obstacles for Black individual educational support systems (Andoh 2025).

Acknowledging how Black adults view low literacy is a priority for solving educational inequalities due to structural barriers (Willis, 2022). The target population for the study includes black adults aged 18 years or older in the United States. A qualitative research approach will examine Black adults’ perceptions of low literacy abilities. The study will use specific examples to analyze educational limitations before looking for ways to improve literacy abilities in Black Adults.

Methodological Approach 1: Ethnography

• Methodological Approach 

The initial research process uses ethnography, living with Black adults with low literacy skills, to understand the social environments. During ethnographic research, the study observes authentic human encounters and institutional roadblocks caused by literacy difficulties. Ethnographic investigation offers complete awareness of the roadblocks that stop communities from achieving literacy in social contexts (Gertner et al., 2021). The methodology produces in-depth knowledge about how collective social systems and community aspects create obstacles to reading.  

• Research Question

What are the black adult perceptions regarding the literacy gaps?

• Rationale

The ethnographic approach proves helpful in examining Black adults’ attitudes toward literacy gaps and gives researchers a comprehensive view of the problem. Ethnographic research methods allow researchers to find fundamental social conditions, including discriminatory systems, resource inadequacy, and intergenerational obstacles that affect literacy growth (Williams, 2024).

Collecting psychological data about literacy challenges by ethnography contrasts with quantitative evaluation, which depends on statistical proof (Busetto et al., 2020). Researchers can build practical solutions using the laboratory immersion approach based on direct knowledge from Black adult experiences (Addae, 2021). Ethnography helps researchers create community-based answers for literacy problems by thoroughly understanding the difficulties (Gertner et al., 2021).

The research question finds the appropriate answer within ethnography because the method studies real-world experiences among people embedded within social-cultural frameworks. The methodology permits researchers to fully experience the day-to-day life of Black adult literacy challenge groups to observe the lived perceptions directly (Pahl & Rasool, 2021).

Through ethnographic observations and detailed interviews, researchers disclose the steps people take when facing literacy obstacles in community environments (Barton, 2022). The research methodology matches the investigation, which analyzes both personal points of view about literacy experiences and societal systems that affect the experiences (Nepali et al., 2023). The research method allows profound observation of literacy gap dynamics by maintaining continuous contact with participants.

The research inquiry matches well with ethnographic methods investigating individual experiences and social factors determining literary achievement patterns (Williams, 2024). Ethnographic studies help researchers identify the cultural forces, economic status, and facility obstacles that generate reading difficulties among Black adults (Pahl & Rasool, 2021).

The researcher conducts direct observations of real-world situations through participant interactions in the natural environments, which leads to concrete findings (Nepali et al., 2023). People involved in ethnographic studies retain unambiguous freedom when answering open-ended questions, leading to successfully acquiring diverse accounts (Adamovic, 2020). The research method aids in analyzing how literacy relates to racial elements while incorporating community group and economic status complexities.

• Data Collection Plan

The ethnography data collection method analyzes actual social situations among participants to answer the research question (Williams, 2024). The researchers will combine participant observations, in-depth interviews, and field notes to understand Black adults’ perceptions of literacy barriers (Pahl & Rasool, 2021). Research members will conduct the observations at community centers, literacy programs, and functional workplaces serving populations encountering literacy issues (Nepali et al., 2023).

Within the study environment, research analysts assess Black adults’ performance in basic activities such as reading directions, completing applications, and digital utilization (Pedulla & Pager, 2020). The study employed structured interviews to collect data from participants regarding the literacy backgrounds, identified difficulties, and suggested improvements (Williams, 2024). Research project members facilitate different focus groups, which enable communal discussions of real-life experiences.  (Barton, 2022). Various qualitative research approaches reveal the impact of literacy gaps on Black adult perceptions.

• Data Analysis Strategy

Research using performance-based data analysis in ethnographic studies helps both theme recognition and pattern detection when studying literacy concepts (Naeem et al., 2023). The gathered audio recordings and field notes become written texts for researchers who then employ systematic methods to identify recurring patterns from which educational inequalities and societal and institutional barriers emerge (Fang et al., 2021). Different participant narratives become an object of study through constant comparative analysis, enabling researchers to identify each participant’s shared experiences and personal experiences (Nepali et al., 2023).

The researchers will maintain reflexivity journals for recording empirical results while employing the journals to minimize research bias effects (Williams, 2024). The researchers will perform member checking through initial findings distribution to participants to ensure the study’s validity and faithfulness (Barton, 2022). The research approach enables the creation of comprehensive, valuable knowledge about Black adults’ perception of literacy.

• Potential Ethical Issues

Methodological Approach 2: Grounded Theory Research

• Methodological Approach 

Grounded theory research is the second methodological approach used to construct theories through systematic investigation of participant perspectives and experiences. The theory of grounded theory serves as an understanding framework for literacy struggles and a framework to develop practical interventions (Tie et al., 2020). Through grounded theory, researchers obtain frameworks from participants to design assisting systems through research (Stough & Lee, 2021). The grounded theory research method enables researchers to identify newly formed patterns of challenges Black adults experience in literacy.

• Research Question

What are the black adult perceptions regarding the literacy gaps?

• Rationale

Grounded theory is an appropriate method for investigating the reading gaps of Black adults to develop conceptual frameworks that help shape interventions along with policy development. Throughout data analysis, researchers detect recurring themes like education accessibility problems alongside experiences of stigma and institutional barriers that affect literacy (Tie et al., 2020). The sequential research model helps theory developers refine the concepts until they portray participants standing correctly. The existing social frameworks that drive reading differences become identifiable when using Grounded theory to generate knowledge. Such research methods produce outcomes that directly address the literacy issues affecting Black communities.

The research question fits within the grounded theory framework because it aims to create theory frameworks derived from participant life experiences. The research methodology enables scientists to gather systematic data to detect recurring patterns and fundamental literacy-related themes (Deering & Williams, 2020).

Grounded theory provides a framework to describe elements that affect literacy perception among Black adults, who might hold diverse viewpoints regarding the gaps. Researchers use open-ended interviews and constant comparative analysis to understand how economic forces, social elements, and institutional procedures affect literacy challenges (Tie et al., 2020). The research alignment enables the study to exceed simple description by creating an explanatory theory detailing Black adult literacy barriers.

Grounded theory provides an appropriate framework for the research question, which allows the generation of theoretical patterns from concrete real-world observations. While ethnography immerses the researchers within a particular cultural background, grounded theory develops a theoretical framework that explains the reasons behind literacy gaps affecting Black adult populations (Deering & Williams, 2020).

Open-ended research questions enable investigators to uncover spontaneous discoveries instead of verifying pre-established hypotheses. (Tie et al., 2020). The research gathers new insights from participants that show unanticipated literacy influences, such as generational trauma and workplace discrimination, that can be integrated into theoretical development (Miller et al., 2020). The systematic coding and categorization methods of Grounded Theory allow researchers to develop findings that derive from actual participant experiences instead of researcher assumptions (Deering & Williams 2020).

• Data Collection Plan

The data collection plan for grounded theory research works harmoniously with the research question that implements a methodical system of gathering firsthand testimonies to establish theories based on participants’ experiences. The study will conduct semi-structured interviews where participants can provide perspectives about literacy challenges, interpretations, and barriers encountered (Tie et al., 2020). The interviews will take place across different rounds using theoretical sampling, which lets participant responses from early stages determine the focus of later interviews to enhance the development of major themes (Tie et al., 2020).

Identifying financial barriers as a crucial challenge for early respondents will lead the research to concentrate on studying how workplace literacy programs and financial aid assistance affect participant experiences (Yip, 2023). Focus groups will enable participants to engage in conversations that show consistent and divergent opinions among Black adults toward the literacy gaps (Deering & Williams, 2020). The direct observation of community literacy programs and adult education centers as a part of the research will help interview findings by showing what happens when learners access actual literacy resources (Tie et al., 2020). 

• Data Analysis Strategy 

The research utilizes grounded theory analysis to build explanatory theories derived from Black adult perspectives about literacy gaps. The starting point for data analysis involves open coding because research staff review transcripts from interviews and observations to identify key themes, including educational inequities, stigma, and accessibility barriers (Tie et al., 2020). The researcher applies axial coding to link themes, revealing how economic instability generates restricted access to educational opportunities (Deering & Williams, 2020).

The selected data is refined to develop a central theory that explains what drives literacy perception changes (Deering & Williams, 2020). The researchers use constant comparative analysis that improves theory through repeated data comparison to existing findings while maintaining precise and deep insights (Tie et al., 2020). The final theory emerges naturally from authentic accounts of Black adult experiences with literacy barriers through the method.

• Potential Ethical Issues

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